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Snakes, Sex and Selection....

Rick Shine

My research concerns the interface between evolution and ecology, particularly in reptiles (snakes and lizards). In recent years, my work increasingly has shifted to focus on major issues in conservation - especially the biology, impact and control of invasive species such as the cane toad. I have worked extensively on evolutionary transitions in life-history traits and on sexually-selected traits. I am also interested in the interplay between different aspects of organismal biology, and how we can translate the results of "academic" research into effective conservation.


So Many Snakes, So Little Time



Academic Qualifications
Awards, Honours and Prizes
Academic Employment Editorial Boards
Honours and Graduate Students
Postdoctoral Fellows
Funded Research Awards
Membership of Professional Societies


Academic Qualifications

1971
BSc. (First Class Honours), Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra. Thesis entitled: "Ecological energetics of the scincid lizard Egernia cunninghami"
1976 PhD. Zoology, University of New England, Armidale. Thesis entitled: "Ecological studies on Australian elapid snakes"
1988 DSc. University of Sydney. Thesis entitled: "The evolution and ecology of snakes and lizards"

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Awards, Honours and Prizes

1970
Ramsay Prize for Best Undergraduate Degree in Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra
1975
Award for Best Student Paper at the Annual Meeting of the Australian Society of Herpetologists, Olive Downs, NSW
1983-1985 National president, Australian Society of Herpetologists
1985
Whitley Award from Royal Zoological Society of NSW for Best Edited Symposium, given to "Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles"
1988-2007 Research Associate of the Australian Museum
1988 Appointed as Research Associate of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, USA
1988 Invited speaker, Dahlem Conference on Organismal Function, Berlin, Germany
1988-1993 Member of Council, Royal Zoological Society of NSW
1989-1995 Served on NSW Government's Advisory Committee on Non-indigenous Animals
1989-1997 Member of International Herpetological Committee
1991 Appointed to IUCN/SSC Australasian Reptile and Amphibian Specialist Group
1991
Josef Laszlo Memorial Award for Outstanding Contribution to Herpetoculture, International Herpetological Symposium, Seattle (for "Outstanding Contribution to Herpetoculture")
1991-1994 National president, Australian Society of Herpetologists
1992-1997 Special Investigator Award, Australian Research Council
1992
Whitley Award from Royal Zoological Society of NSW for Best Zoological Handbook, given to "Australian Snakes. A Natural History"
1992 Acted as University of Göteborg's Opponent at thesis defence of graduate student (Mats Olsson), Sweden
1992 Acted as University of Uppsala's Opponent at thesis defence of graduate student (Anders Forsman), Sweden
1993 Plenary Lecture in Ecology at the Second World Congress of Herpetology, Adelaide
1994-1996 Member of Federal Government Advisory Board on Cane Toad Research
1994
"Distinguished Herpetologist" award, Annual Meeting of the Herpetologists' League and the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Athens, Georgia
1995-1997 Member of Biological Sciences Panel of the Australian Research Council (Chair, 1997)
1996 Lansdowne Visitor, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
1996 Plenary speaker, Sixth International Behavioural Ecology Congress, Canberra
1996 Appointed to IUCN/SSC Australasian Sustainable Use Specialist Group
1997 Chairman, Animal and Plant Biology Panel, Australian Research Council
1997-2005 Member of Executive Committee of the World Congress of Herpetology
1999
Clarke Medal by The Royal Society of New South Wales, for excellence in scientific research on the Australian fauna
1999 Invited speaker, symposium on Alternative Reproductive Strategies, Shonan Graduate University, Hayama, Japan
2000
E.O. Wilson Naturalist Award, presented by the American Society of Naturalists for contributions to the evolutionary biology and natural history of snakes
2003
Henry S. Fitch Award, presented by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists for outstanding contributions to herpetology
2003 Elected to Australian Academy of Sciences
2004
Graeme Caughley Travelling Fellowship (Australian Academy of Science)
2004 Keynote speaker, Snake Ecology IV meeting, Illinois , USA
2004
Inaugural "invited international speaker", California State University, Northridge
2004
Included in the Institute for Scientific Information's list of the world's most highly cited authors, comprising less than one half of one percent of all publishing researchers. http://isihighlycited.com/
2004
Elected as honorary foreign member of the Board of Governors, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles
2005
Plenary speaker, combined meeting of the Australian Society of Herpetologists and the Society for Research on Amphibians and Reptiles in New Zealand, Queensland
2005
Elected as fellow of the Linnean Society of London
2005
Keynote speaker, python symposium, US reptile-biology meetings, Florida, USA
2005
Appointed as a Member of the Order of Australia
2005
Mueller Medal for research excellence, Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science (ANZAAS)
2006
Eureka Prize for Biodiversity Research (Australian Museum and Royal Botanic Gardens
2006
Plenary speaker, Australian Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour, Macquarie University, NSW
2007
Public lecture on evolution in Australia, Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, ACT
2007 Keynote speaker, Western Australian Premier's Science Awards
2007 Keynote speaker, Australian Wildlife Management Society, Canberra
2008
Macfarlane Burnet Medal and Lecture (Australian Academy of Science)
2008 Vice-Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Postgraduate Supervision (University of Sydney)
2008 Plenary speaker, Australian Ecological Society, Sydney

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Academic Employment


1975-1978 Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Utah
1978-1980 Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Sydney
1980-1984 Lecturer in Biology, University of Sydney
1985-1987 Senior Lecturer in Biology, University of Sydney
1988-1992 Reader in Biology, University of Sydney
1993-2005 Professor in Evolutionary Biology, University of Sydney (Personal Chair)
2002-2005 Australian Professorial Fellow (research-only position)
2004- University Chair (specially created, for research excellence)
2006-2010
Federation Fellow (Australian Research Council)

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Editorial Boards of International Journals

1988 - Copeia, advisory board (based in USA)
1989 - Journal of Herpetology (based in USA)
1990-1997 Wildlife Research (a CSIRO journal based in Melbourne)
1994 - Herpetological Conservation (based in USA)
1997-2003 Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (based in Germany)
1997 Ecology, ad hoc Editor (based in USA)
2000- Journal of Evolutionary Biology (based in the Netherlands and USA)
2003- Contemporary Herpetology (ejournal based in USA)
2004- Acta Zoologica Sinica
2005-
Biology Letters (published by the Royal Society, London)
2005-
Canadian Journal of Zoology (based in Canada)
2005-
Applied Herpetology (based in UK)
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Honours Students

Kerri Gallagher 1981 Isotopic methods for determining food intake in free-ranging lizards (joint supervision with Dr. G. C. Grigg)




Frederick Patchell 1982 Ecology and feeding adaptations in pygopodid lizards
Craig James  1983 Diets and reproductive biology of tropical versus temperate lizards
John Scanlon  1985 Phylogeny of Australian burrowing snakes
Caroline Camilleri 1987 Sexual dimorphism in snakes
Jonathan Webb 1990 Behavioural studies on typhlopid snakes
Geordie Torr 1990 Social behaviour in scincid lizards
Christine Schlesinger 1991 Habitat selection in geckos
Danielle Ayers 1992 Thermoregulation in pythons
Catherine Rummery 1992 Thermal ecology of forest dragons (joint supervision with Dr. M.B. Thompson)
John Fairbairn 1993 Phylogeny of a reproductively bimodal scincid lizard (joint supervision with Drs. J.A. Sved and M. Frommer)
Melanie Elphick 1995 Phenotypic plasticity in a montane scincid lizard
Sarah Smith 1996 Reproductive biology of the scincid lizard Saiphos equalis
Julia Shoulder 1997 Temperature effects on development in the cane toad Bufo marinus
Claire Goldsbrough 1998 Habitat selection by saxicolous animals (joint supervision with Dr. D. Hochuli)
Jennifer Koenig 1998-99 Ecology of urban bluetongue lizards (joint supervision with Dr. Glenn Shea)
Allison Mokany 2000-01 Ecological interactions between mosquitoes and tadpoles
Bansi Shah 2001-02 Social organisation in lizards (joint supervision with Drs. S. Hudson and M. Kearney)
John Llewelyn 2002-03 Thermal biology of elapid snakes (joint supervision with Drs. F. Seebacher and J. Webb)
Carla Avolio 2004 Sexual dimorphism in sea-snakes (joint supervision with Dr. A. Pile)
Matthew Greenlees 2004-05 Ecological impact of cane toads (joint supervision with Drs. J. Webb and G.P. Brown)
Haley Bowcock
2006-07
Sexual conflict in anurans (joint supervision with Dr. G.P. Brown)
Travis Child
2006-07
Ecology of metamorph cane toads (joint supervision with Dr. B. Phillips)
Crystal Kelehear
2006-07
Host-parasite relations in cane toads (joint supervision with Dr. J. Webb)
Ben Croak
2007
Habitat restoration for an endangered snake  (joint supervision with Dr. J. Webb)
David Nelson
2007-08
Toad vs frog: acoustic cues and responses (joint supervision with Dr. M. Crossland)
Georgia Ward-Fear
2008
Manipulating the spatial ecology of metamorph toads  (joint supervision with Dr. G. Brown)
Stephanie O'Donnell 2008-09 Learning in dasyurid marsupials (joint supervision with Dr. J. Webb)  
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Graduate Students


David J. Slip MSc 1982-1986 Ecology and thermal biology of the diamond python
Craig D. James PhD 1985-1989 Comparative ecology of sympatric scincid lizards (Ctenotus) in spinifex grasslands of central Australia (joint supervision with Dr. S. R. Morton, CSIRO Wildlife and Ecology)
Douglas Armstrong PhD 1986-1990 The role of food limitation in aggressive social behaviour of breeding honeyeaters
Darryl L. Houston PhD 1985-1992 Ecology of the arafura filesnake, Acrochordus arafurae, in northern Australia
Francis L. Lemckert MSc 1986-1990 Reproductive biology and population dynamics of the common eastern froglet, Ranidella signifera
Linda Schwarzkopf PhD 1986-1991 Costs of reproduction in the viviparous skink, Eulamprus tympanum
M. Julian Caley PhD 1986-1991 Structuring mechanisms in communities of coral reef fishes
Simon Blomberg PhD 1989-1994 Body size, ecology and life history of a lizard
Kaliope Katsikaros MSc 1990-1994 Sexual dimorphism in the tusked frog Adelotus brevis
Carl P. Qualls PhD 1991-1995 Evolution of viviparity in the scincid lizard Lerista bougainvillii
Paul Doughty PhD 1992-1996 Allometry of reproductive output in lizards
Fiona J. Qualls PhD 1993-1996 Phenotypic plasticity and reptilian reproduction
Jonathan K. Webb PhD 1992-1996 Ecology of the endangered snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides
J. Scott Keogh PhD 1993-1997 Phylogeny of elapid snakes
Patrick B. Whitaker PhD 1993-1999 Ecological studies on brownsnakes (Pseudonaja textilis)
Sharon J. Downes PhD 1996-1999 Predator-prey interactions in reptiles
Pedro Borges-Landaez PhD 1996-1999 Phenotypic plasticity in viviparous lizards
Sohan Shetty MSc 1998-2000 Ecology of sea kraits
David J. Pearson PhD 1994-2002 Ecology and conservation of pythons (joint supervision with Dr. R. A. How, Western Australian Museum)
Mark Fitzgerald PhD 1997-2004 Effects of forestry practices on an endangered snake
Sara Broomhall PhD 1998-2003 Phenotypic plasticity in amphibians
David O'Connor PhD 1999-2003 Social behaviour in lizards
Michael Kearney PhD 2000-2003 Thermal ecology of geckos
Olivier Lourdais PhD 1998-2002 Snake ecology and physiology (CEBC, CNRS, Villiers en Bois, France; joint supervision with Dr. X. Bonnet)
Ben Phillips PhD 2001-2004 Evolutionary responses of snakes to toxic prey
Tracy Langkilde PhD 2002-2005 Social behaviour in lizards
Michael Wall PhD 2003-2005 Foraging tactics of squamate reptiles
Dan Warner PhD 2003-2006 Temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles
Amanda Lane PhD 2004- Sea-snake ecology and genetics
Mattias Hagman PhD 2004-2007 Ecological impact of cane toads
David Pike
PhD
2006-
Ecology of rock dwelling reptiles
Matthew Greenlees
PhD
2006-
Ecological impacts of cane toads
John Llewelyn
PhD
2006-
Evolutionary impact of cane toads
Christa Beckmann
PhD
2007-
Avian predation on cane toads
Ruchira Soomaweera PhD 2008- Cane toad impact
Samantha Price-Rees PhD 2008- Biology of varanid lizards
Crystal Kelehear PhD 2008- Host-parasite interactions

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Exchange Students
Anja Klingenböck &
Konrad Osterwalder
1997 Biology of forest lizards (Geobotanical Institute, Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland)
Thomas Flatt 1998 Phenotypic plasticity in reptile development (Zoology Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland)
Robert Reed 2000 Macroecology of snakes (Auburn University, USA, Fulbright scheme)
Rob Pringle 2002 Thermal biology of snakes (University of Pennsylvania, USA)
Rory Telemeco 2007 Lizard reproduction and climate change (University of Central Oklahoma, USA, Fullbright scheme)
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Postdoctoral Fellows



Gregory A. Mengden 1984-1986 Phylogeny of Australian snakes (with Dr H.G. Cogger)
Thomas R. L. Madsen 1989-2000 Effects of climatic variability on tropical predators
Mats M. Olsson 1992-1998 Costs of reproduction and life-histories in montane lizards
Anders Forsman 1993-1994 Evolution of colour polymorphism and life-history variation
Michael S. Y. Lee 1995-1997 Phylogeny of varanoid reptiles
Ambariyanto 1996-1997 Sustainable harvesting of giant reptiles
J. Scott Keogh 1997-1998 Phylogeny and adaptation in elapid snakes
Gregory P. Brown 1998- Ecology of tropical snakes
Jane Melville 2001-2002 Ecology of desert lizards (with Dr. J. Losos)
Jonathan K. Webb 2001- Snake ecology and conservation
Erik Wapstra 2003-04 Temperature-dependent sex determination
Weiguo Du 2003-04 Lizard anti-predator tactics
David Allsop 2004-06 Temperature-dependent sex determination
Raju Radder 2004-07 Lizard reproductive biology
Benjamin L. Phillips
2004-
Ecological impact of cane toads
Fabien Aubret
2006-
Phenotypic plasticity in snakes
Michael Crossland
2006-
Ecology of cane toads
Ligia Pizzatto
2006-
Ecology of snakes and cane toads
Weiguo Du
2007-10
Lizard ecology and behaviour
Jason Kolbe 2006-07 Invasive species modeling (with Dr. C. Moritz)
Sylvain Dubey 2007- Molecular analyses of ecological questions
Mattias Hagman 2007-08 Cane toad ecology
Daode Yang 2007-08 Invasive gecko ecology

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Funded Research Awards

 
Australian Research Grants Scheme

1980-1985
$70,727
Reproductive strategies of reptiles
1984-1986
$97,155
Evolution of elapid snakes (with Dr. H.G. Cogger)
1986-1988
$106,518
Evolutionary causes of sexual dimorphism



Australian Research Council
1989-1991 $155,000 Evolutionary causes of sexual dimorphism
1989-1991 $133,300 Effects of tropical seasonality on reptile populations
1990-1992 $160,000 Evolution of reptilian viviparity
1992-1994 $480,000 Special Investigator Award
1994 $24,000 Costs of reproduction in lizards
1994 $10,640 Infrastructure C - reptile enclosures (plus $10,000 matching funds, University of Sydney)
1995-1997 $610,000 Special Investigator Award
1995-1997 $24,390 Ecology of eastern brownsnakes 
1996-1998 $197,000 Sustainable harvesting of Indonesian reptiles 
1998-2000 $120,000 Forestry practices and endangered snakes - APA (Industry)
1998-2000 $443,500 Determinants of life-history variation
1998-2000 $385,500 Evolutionary ecology of snakes 
2000-2002 $90,000 Seasonality of breeding in tropical snakes
2001-2003 $524,000 The evolutionary role of phenotypic plasticity 
2002-2006 $932,000 Evolutionary ecology of snakes and lizards, including Australian Professorial Fellowship
2003-2007 $925,000 Ecological and evolutionary impacts of toxic prey (with Dr. J.K. Webb)
2003-2005 $42,000 Influence of energy intake on reproduction (with Dr. X. Bonnet)
2005 $150,000 Participant in LIEF grant for evolutionary immunology (led by Dr. Mats Olsson)
2005-2009
$1,500,000
Participant in research network on biodiversity (led by Dr. Bob Hill)
2006-2010
$3,150,000
Ecology and evolution in dynamic systems, including Federation Fellowship
2006-2007
$100,000
Invasive Animals Co-operative Research Centre
2007-2009
$503,683
Predicting cane toad impact in the Kimberley Region (Linkage, with WA DEC, Australian Government DEH, and Australian Reptile Park
2007-2010
$879,000
Novel approaches to understanding and controlling invasive toads
2007-2011 $773,060 Understanding and reversing the habitat shifts that have endangered the broad-headed snake (Linkage, with NSW DEC, Zoos Victoria, Forests NSW, and Australian Reptile Park)

Other Grants
1982-1984 $23,940 Office of the Supervising Scientist for the Alligator Rivers Region
1984 $3,600 Ian Potter Foundation
1985 $500 Linnean Society of New South Wales
1986 $500 Ian Potter Foundation
1986 $2,000 Australian Geographic Scientific Research Fund
1986 $9,000 CSIRO - University of Sydney Joint Research Fund
1988 $400 Linnean Society of New South Wales
1989 $400 Ian Potter Foundation
1990 $5,371 Department of Industry, Technology and Commerce
1992 $8,750 National Geographic Society
1994 $6,000 University of Sydney Research Grants
1996-1997 $5,000 Australia and Pacific Science Foundation
1998-1999 $5,000 Australia and Pacific Science Foundation
2000 $16,260 National Geographic Society
2001 $34,000 University of Sydney Research Grants
2002-03 $60,000 University of Sydney Research Grants
2004 $5,000 Graeme Caughley Fellowship
2004 $141,634 Australian Government Department of Environment and Heritage
2005
$22,000
University of Sydney Research and Development
2008-09 $300,000 Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation
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Membership of Professional Societies

American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists

Photo © D. O'Connor

American Society of Naturalists
Australian Society of Herpetologists
Australasian Affiliation of Herpetological Societies
Australasian Evolution Society
British Herpetological Society
Ecological Society of America
Hawkesbury Herpetological Society
Herpetologists' League
Herpetological Association of Africa
Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales
Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles
Society for the Study of Evolution
 
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